A Creole cattle farmer and lawyer, and leader in the Ten Years’ War. For the first five years after 1868 he led the revolt in his native Camagüey, participated in drafting the Guáimaro Constitution, and carried out many brave military feats against the government forces. The best known of these was the daring rescue of …
Cuban mulatto patriot and hero of the Independence War of 1895-1898. Born near Santiago de Cuba, June 14, son of Marcos Maceo, a Venezuelan mulatto émigré, and a free Cuban Black, Mariana Grajales. His childhood was passed on the small family farm, where he was privately educated, and in making occasional trips to sell its …
Physician and epidemiologist, discoverer of the mosquito vector of yellow fever. Born in Camagüey on December 3rd, of a Scots father and a French Creole mother from Trinidad, he grew up on his father’s coffee plantation, but was sent to school in France and England. He then went to Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, graduating …
El Instituto de Estudios Cubanos se honra en publicar el artículo del periodista Héctor Carbonell “Periodismo oficial y Periodismo libre” ganador del Premio Nacional del Colegio de Periodistas de Cuba (exilio) 2020. Cuando hablamos de labor periodística tenemos que tener en cuenta el ambiente en el cual debe desarrollarse. Yo percibo tres entornos muy diferentes a …
Cuba’s greatest hero and most influential writer. Revolutionary, poet, journalist, and the principal organizer of the Independence War of 1895-1898, he was the apostle of Cuba’s independence. Born in Havana, January 28, of a Valencian father and “isleño” mother, he spent his early years as an eager student. His environment and teachers aroused in him a devotion to the cause …
José Martí (José Julián Martí y Pérez, 1853-1895) Read More »
Havana-born philosopher, Father Varela studied at the Colegio y Seminario de San Carlos, where he became a priest and professor of philosophy as the protégé of Bishop Díaz de Espada. Many of his students, including José Antonio Saco and José de la Luz y Caballero, achieved intellectual distinction. He favored modern doctrines and pioneered explicative …
A group of University of Havana students formed in1960 by Juan Manuel Salvat’s Trinchera groups as a wing in the university of the Movimiento de Rescate Revolucionario (MRR). As the activities of such anti-Castro organizations as the DRE hampered the government’s efforts to control the university, it repressed their members through beatings, expulsion from the university, and …
A union (central) of trade unions established in January 1939 through the influence of Fulgencio Batista, serving as an umbrella for the then Communist domination of the unions. It was given official status in 1942, and continued to be Communist controlled until 1947 when President Grau San Martín broke with the Communists, and his anti-Communist labor minister …
Block-to-block vigilante committees established in September 1960 to ensure internal security and public control, and counter the increased anti-government activity then becoming evident, “fighting against the counterrevolutionary class enemy.” Originally, each Comité de Defensa de la Revolución (CDR) had the sole purpose of serving as an adjunct to the security apparatus of the Interior Ministry and the …
The National Institute for Agrarian Reform was established May 17, 1959, to carry out the provisions of the 1959 agrarian reform law. It was given sweeping authority to organize the collective cultivation of land and to regulate all matters related to agricultural output, landholding, credit, and trade. Cuba was divided into 28 agrarian development zones, …
