Cuban Institutions and Groups

PARTIDO COMUNISTA DE CUBA (P.C.C.)

Title first used by the Cuban Communist movement (hitherto the Union Revolucionaria Comunista) from 1933.  This PCC backed the 1935 general strikes in Havana.  In 1938 Batista negotiated a coalition whereby the party joined in forming the Coalición Socialista Democrática to support him in the election of 1940.  The rewards were legalization of the party and considerable influence on Batista’s first …

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Partido Socialista Popular (P.S.P.)

Name adopted in 1944 by the Partido Unión Revolucionaria, the earlier Unión Revolucionaria Comunista.  Its World War II objective became that of increasing its membership by getting all its supporters to become members.  Its slogan was “Economic Progress, Social Security, Victory and a People’s Peace.”  President Grau permitted Communist activities until 1947 when he broke …

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MOVIMIENTO VEINTISÉIS DE JULIO (26th July Movement)

Name given to Fidel Castro’s revolutionary cause, adopted from the date of his ill-fated 1953 attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba.  He began the movement in prison, and after his 1955 release he traveled in the United States and Mexico seeking funds for it. His forces sailed from Mexico to Oriente province …

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A.B.C.

A prominent clandestine organization opposing the dictatorial regime of Gerardo Machado, composed of intellectuals, students, and representatives of the middle sectors of society.  It came into being in 1931, principally to punish the regime for the atrocities it was committing against the opposition and was named from its organization in cells.  Each cell contained seven …

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El Siglo

A political, economic, and commercial newspaper founded in Havana by José Quintín Suzarte and Francisco de Frias Jacott in 1861 to campaign for Cuban home rule.  Contributors included José Morales Lemus.  In 1863 the paper was taken over by reformist Creoles who sought a reduction in the powers of the captain general.  They advocated greater …

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GUERRITA DE AGOSTO

Partido Liberal uprising of August 16-September 26, 1906, led initially by Faustino Guerra, protesting the fraudulent election of 1905.  By threatening destruction of American-owned properties it brought about the second United States intervention and the desired overthrow of the government of newly reelected President Estrada Palma.

HAVANA POST

Begun in 1900, the Havana English-language daily morning paper’s first director was C.E. Fisher, who was succeeded in 1919 by John Thomas Wilford.  Directed at Americans living on the island, it contained international, U.S., and business news, along with some Cuban news, American sports news, society events, a listing of arriving and departing shipping, and …

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